The Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) provides USDA Foods to income-eligible households living on Indian reservations, and to American Indian households residing in approved areas near reservations or in Oklahoma. Many households choose to participate in FDPIR as an alternative to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), because they do not have easy access to SNAP offices or authorized food stores.

The Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, administers FDPIR at the Federal level. The program is administered locally by either Indian Tribal Organizations (ITOs) or State agencies (SAs) on behalf of federally recognized Tribes.

USDA purchases and ships nutritious, 100 percent domestic USDA Foods, selected from a list of available foods including several traditional food items, to the ITOs and SAs. These administering agencies store and distribute the foods, determine applicant eligibility, and provide nutrition education to recipients. USDA provides the administering agencies with funds for program administrative costs and nutrition education.